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我们如何获得水: Infrastructure Serving Our Communities
Delivering water 到南加州 homes and businesses is as much about infrastructure as it is about actual water. While Metropolitan is working hard to ensure the reliability of our 进口食水 and increasingly investing in 当地供应, that is just the beginning. Bringing drinking water to your faucet takes hundreds of miles of aqueduct, dozens of high-powered pumps, a vast storage system of 水库 and groundwater basins across the state, regional water treatment facilities, and an extensive distribution system of pipelines and service connections.
Bringing Water Across the State
About 25 percent of the water used in Southern California typically comes from the 科罗拉多河. Another 30 percent originates in the Northern Sierra. 的 remaining 45 percent comes from a mix of what are considered 当地供应, which includes the city of Los Angeles’ eastern Sierra deliveries as well as recycling, desalination and groundwater supplies. That means most of our water travels a great distance to get to our faucets.
It all started with the construction of the 科罗拉多河 渡槽. Metropolitan was formed in 1928 to build the aqueduct and bring water from the 科罗拉多河, 穿越莫哈韦沙漠, 到南加州. 的 242-mile system includes open aqueduct, 文裕章, 五个泵站, 水库, and massive 16-foot wide tunnels that vary in length from 338 feet to 18.3英里. Metropolitan has an extensive ongoing program to refurbish and maintain the CRA, ensuring reliability for decades to come.
Metropolitan later contracted with the state to help bring Northern Sierra water south through the 国家水利工程. 的 国家水利工程 is operated and maintained by the California Department of Water 资源 and includes 34 storage facilities, 水库 and lakes; 20 pumping plants; four pumping-generating plants; five hydroelectric power plants. It also features about 700 miles of open canals and pipelines, including the 444-mile California 渡槽, which ranges from 50 - 110 feet wide and up to 32 feet deep.
Once State 项目 and 科罗拉多河 water reach Southern California, it must be distributed across Metropolitan’s 5,200平方英里的地区. Some of the water is first treated at one of Metropolitan’s five regional treatment facilities before being distributed, and some is distributed as untreated water and purified later. Metropolitan's distribution system consists of 830 miles of large diameter pipelines and about 400 connections with our member agencies, which then distribute the water to their communities before it finally arrives at your tap.
为干旱年份储存
California’s naturally variable weather, which is being exacerbated by climate change, makes storage a critical element of Metropolitan’s ability to reliably deliver water to the region. It has become increasingly important that we take advantage of water when it is available and store it for times when it is not. That’s why Metropolitan has invested significantly in storage over the past three decades, increasing our storage capacity by 13 times. Some of that storage is in groundwater banking programs locally and throughout the state, some is in state 水库 along the 国家水利工程 and federal 水库 along the 科罗拉多河, and some is in Metropolitan’s own 水库.
大都会水库
Our 水库 not only provide supplies during times of dry conditions or drought, they also are in place for use in emergencies such as earthquakes.
钻石谷湖, capacity of 810,000 acre-feet
Lake Mathews, capacity of 182,000 acre-feet
Lake Skinner, capacity 44,000 acre-feet
Six smaller 水库, total capacity 32,000 acre-feet
钻石谷湖, capacity of 810,000 acre-feet
建于20世纪90年代末， 钻石谷湖 is Southern California’s largest reservoir. Along with Metropolitan’s other reserves, it holds enough water to meet Southern California’s emergency and drought needs for six months. Located in Hemet in southwest Riverside County, it offers recreational opportunities to the public.
Lake Mathews, capacity of 182,000 acre-feet
Lake Mathews in southwest Riverside County is the terminal reservoir for the 科罗拉多河 渡槽 and was built at the same time in the 1930s. Though there are no public recreation facilities at Lake Mathews, it is surrounded by approximately 4,000 acres of protected lands and reserves.
泵厂
While water flows through much of Metropolitan's service area powered by gravity, it takes 五个泵站 along the 科罗拉多河 渡槽 to ensure it reaches its final destination at Lake Mathews. 的se pumping plants combined lift CRA water supplies just over 1,600英尺, allowing it to flow by gravity west 穿越莫哈韦沙漠. All pumping plants have nine pumps, each with a nominal rated capacity of at least 225 cubic feet per second. Once it reaches the region, 科罗拉多河 water flows through Metropolitan's entire distribution system and treatment plants by gravity, 正常运行下. 阅读更多.
W.P. Whitsett Intake Pumping Plant
的 Intake plant is the starting point of the 科罗拉多河 渡槽 supply and lifts water out of Lake Havasu 291 feet, from an elevation of 450 feet above sea level to 741 feet.
基因泵站
的 Gene plant is located two miles west of the Intake plant. 的 facility lifts water from Gene Wash reservoir 303 feet to Copper Basin reservoir, 在海拔1处,037英尺.
Iron Mountain Pumping Plant
的 Iron Mountain plant is 70 miles from Copper Basin and lifts water 144 feet.
Eagle Mountain Pumping Plant
的 Eagle Mountain plant is 40 miles west of Iron Mountain and lifts water 438 feet to an elevation of 1,404英尺.
Julian Hinds Pumping Plant
的 Hinds plant is 16 miles west of Eagle Mountain and has the highest lift of all the plants, 441 feet to an elevation of 1,807英尺.
Reducing Pumping Costs with Hydro & 太阳能发电
It takes a lot of energy to pump water 1,600英尺 up a mountain. Pumping water along the CRA uses about 2 million megawatt-hours of energy a year. About half of this is met by Metropolitan’s allocation of power from Hoover and Parker dams. To offset the rest of our power costs, Metropolitan has built 15 hydroelectric plants throughout our distribution system.
Largely built in the late 1970s and early 1980s during that era’s energy crisis, the plants not only generate electricity, they also help control pressure within the distribution system. 的se 15 hydroelectric plants generate about 250,000 megawatt-hours of energy per year and have a total capacity of about 130 megawatts.
Metropolitan has also developed 5 ½ megawatts of solar power at our facilities. And we’re exploring other ways to further reduce our carbon emissions and stabilize energy costs through our Energy 可持续性 Plan. That plan could include adding additional renewable energy to our portfolio, increasing our energy efficiency and storage, and load shifting to take advantage of solar power.
这是一个 快照 of Metropolitan’s delivery and treatment system.
操作数据
To access meter data usage and water sales information, use the links below to our Water Information 系统 (WINS). If you have any issues, please contact, 菲利普弹器 at (213) 217-7123.
